制高点-第22部分
按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！
ife。 It was preposterous and embarrassing to work in such a government。
苏共总书记（1985…1991） 米哈伊。戈尔巴乔夫（Mikhail Gorbachev）：有一个政府委员会负责调查妇女连裤袜的问题。想像一下，一个飞上了太空，发射了人造地球卫星，建立了如此的国防体系的国家，却不能解决妇女连裤袜的问题。没有牙膏，没有肥皂、洗衣粉，生活必需品得不到满足，在这样的一个政府里工作是荒谬和尴尬的。
DANIEL YERGIN： Mikhail Gorbachev was what the Soviet Union had been waiting for …… a new； young； dynamic leader who was going to reform the system。 But that system had been propped up for a decade and a half by high oil prices； and just after he came in； the price of oil collapsed； which meant that the economic problems facing the Soviet Union were even more enormous。
丹尼尔。尤金（Daniel Yergin）：米哈伊。戈尔巴乔夫（Mikhail Gorbachev）是苏联长期以来期盼出现的人物——新一代的、年轻、充满活力的领导人。他要对体制进行改革。但是旧体制已经由高石油价格支撑了15年，而正是在他上台后，油价急剧下跌，这意味着苏联所面临的经济问题更巨大了。
NARRATOR： Gorbachev's attempt to restructure the economy was called "；perestroika。"；
旁白：戈尔巴乔夫试图重组经济的努力称为“改革”（peretrolka）。
MIKHAIL GORBACHEV： Perestroika was a reform that aimed at gradual political change to create an infrastructure for market economics。 We had several generations with no experience of markets。 You can't just announce the markets and see them appear overnight。 I was actually saying it will take a generation for it to start working。
米哈伊。戈尔巴乔夫（Mikhail Gorbachev）：“改革”是一项旨在通过逐步的政治改革以建立市场经济基础的改革。我们拥有几代没有市场经验的人民，你不能只口头上宣称实现市场经济，而指望一觉醒来就大功告成了，我当时其实是说要使市场基本发挥作用，我们要花一代人的时间投入。
DANIEL YERGIN： He started to allow a certain amount of private enterprise； but it was really a very uneven process。 He ended up removing many of the tools of control of central planning； but didn't really replace them with anything else。
丹尼尔。尤金（Daniel Yergin）：他开始允许一部分私有企业存在，但这确实是一条不平坦的过程。他废除了许多中央计划的控制工具，但没有采用其它任何措施来替代这些工具。
NARRATOR： Gorbachev faced mounting pressure from the West。 The
旁白：戈尔巴乔夫（Gorbachev）承受着来自西方的越来越大的压力，美国总统信奉米尔顿。弗里德曼（Milton Freidman）和芝加哥的经济哲学。
Ronald Reagan was not alone。 He had a political soul mate in Margaret Thatcher。 Britain's prime minister had already embarked on a radical free…market economic revolution at home。 Thatcher and Reagan were determined to go on the ideological offensive。 Their political rhetoric began to heat up。
罗纳德。里根（Ronald Reagan）并不孤立，他还拥有一个政治同盟玛格丽特。撒切尔（Margaret Thatcher），英国首相已经成功地在国内进行了激进的自由市场经济改革。撒切尔和里根决定继续进行意识形态攻击，他们的政治甜言密语开始不断升温。
RONALD REAGAN； ； 1981…1989： What I am describing now is a plan and a hope for the long term； the march of freedom and democracy which will leave Marxism…Leninism on the ash heap of history； as it has left other tyrannies which stifle the freedom and muzzle the self…expression of the people。
美国总统（1981…1989） 罗纳德。里根（Ronald Reagan）：我现在所描绘的是一个长期计划或者说是希望，自由和民主运动将会把马克思列宁主义抛进历史的灰堆，就像其抛弃其它阻碍自由和束缚思想的暴政一样。
MARGARET THATCHER： Up to that time； the whole doctrine had been one of "；Contain munism。"； That wasn't enough for Ronald Reagan and me； and we thought we should make it quite clear to munism that it could and would never win； and that we would go and fight the battle of ideas between what the free world had to offer； pared with the dictatorship and tyranny and cruelty of munism。
玛格丽特。撒切尔（Margaret Thatcher）：直到那个时候，整个教条都是要去“抑制共产主义”，而这在我和里根这里是不够的，我们认为，我们必须让共产主义清楚他们不会成功，也永远不可能成功，并表明我们将为自由社会的理想而战斗，战胜共产主义的独裁、专制和残暴。
NARRATOR： Ever since Gorbachev's first visit to Britain； Margaret Thatcher never missed the opportunity to debate him on the evils and inefficiencies of munism and its system of central planning。
旁白：自从戈尔巴乔夫（Gorbachev）首次访问英国后，玛格丽特。撒切尔（Margaret Thatcher）便开始抓住一切机会与其辩论共产主义及其中央计划体制的罪恶和低效。
OLEG GORDIEVSKY： Speaking to Gorbechev； she said： "；Mikhail； you see how your economy is organized …… centralized； entirely led by the Kremlin。 Look at me in Britain and the West。 We have market economy； and it is running itself。 I don't have to tell different industries what to do。 I don't deal with it at all。 My job pared with your job is much easier。 And you would be able to enjoy your job as head of the Soviet Union much more if you had a market economy。"；
奥列格。戈德尔维斯基（Oleg Gordievsky）：她对戈尔巴乔夫（Gorbachev）说：“米哈伊，你看吧，看看你们的经济是怎样组织的——克里姆林宫高度的集权。再看看我们英国，看看西方国家，我们是市场经济，其自身就能运转良好，我不需要告诉每个行业做什么，我们根本不需要管这些事，我的工作跟你比起来 轻松多了，我相信如果你们实行市场经济的话，作为苏联领导人你将会惬意得多。”
NARRATOR： In 1987 President Reagan carried this war of words to the most symbolic section of the Iron Curtain： the Berlin Wall。
旁白：1987年，里根总统把这种言论战引到了铁幕最具代表意义的部分：柏林墙。
RONALD REAGAN： General Secretary Gorbachev； if you seek peace； if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe； if you seek liberalization； e here to this gate。 Mr。 Gorbachev； open this gate。 Mr。 Gorbachev； tear down this wall。
罗纳德。里根（Ronald Reagan）：戈尔巴乔夫总书记，如果你在寻求和平，如果你在寻求苏联和东欧的繁荣，如果你在寻求自由化，那么来吧！ 戈尔巴乔夫先生，打开这扇门吧，戈尔巴乔夫先生，推倒这堵墙吧！
Chapter 9： Poland’s Solidarity ＇7：32＇
第九章： 波兰的团结工会
Onscreen title： Warsaw； Poland
字幕标题：波兰，华沙
NARRATOR： Margaret Thatcher carried the free…market message to Poland in 1988。 Mrs。 Thatcher had agreed to meet the munist leadership provided she could also visit the port of Gdansk。
旁白：1988年，玛格丽特。撒切尔（Margaret Thatcher）把自由市场的信息带到了波兰。撒切尔夫人表示只要能访问格但斯克港（Gdansk），她就同意会晤波兰共产党领导人。
Almost a decade earlier； in 1980； shipyard workers here in Gdansk had taken a stand against munist rule。 They had struck against the price rises and food shortages caused by a crumbling economy。 Their leader was an electrician named Lech Walesa。
大约10年前，1980年，格但斯克港（Gdansk）船厂的工人曾经起来反抗过共产党的管制。他们组织罢工，以抗议由于行将崩溃的经济导致的价格上涨和食品短缺，他们的领袖是一名叫莱克。瓦文萨（Lech Walesa）的电力工程师。
LECH WALESA； President； Poland； 1990…1995： The country was so much in debt； with the West refusing to lend us any more； that the whole system was failing。 It was more and more inefficient； and everybody； even the munists； knew it。
波兰总统（1990…1995）莱克。瓦文萨（Lech Walesa）：当时，国家债务负担非常沉重，西方国家拒绝继续给我们提供贷款，于是整个体制行将崩溃。体系越来越无效，每个人，即使是共产党人也都看到了这一点。
NARRATOR： Lech Walesa climbed the shipyard gate to announce a momentous victory。 The workers had forced the government to recognize Solidarity； the free labor union。 "；I declare the creation of a free union of workers。 We now have the right to strike。"；
旁白：莱克。瓦文萨（Lech Walesa）爬上船厂的大门，宣布了一场重大的胜利，工人们迫使政府承认了自由劳工工会组织团结工会（Solidarity）：“我宣布，工人们自由的工会组织成立了，我们现在拥有罢工的权利。”
FATHER HENRY JANKOWSKI； St。 Brygida Church； Gdansk： I thought they didn't know what they were fighting for。 I thought they were just fighting for a pay rise。 Only then did I learn it was all about freedom。
圣布莱吉达（St。 Brygida）教堂的神父亨利。杰克斯基（Henry Jankowski），格但斯克：我本来以为他们并不知道他们在为什么战斗，我以为他们只是在争取涨工资，直到那时我才意识到他们是在为自由而战。
NARRATOR： Ten million Poles joined Solidarity。 Under Walesa's leadership； Solidarity became the main opposition to munism。 But in 1981； after a year and a half of strikes and unrest； the government declared ma
