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GABRIEL GARCIA MARQUEZ was born in Aracataca; Colombia in 1928; but he has lived most of his life in Mexico and Europe。 He attended the University of Bogot?and later worked as staff reporter and film critic for the Colombian newspaper El Espectador。 In addition to ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF SOLITUDE。 he has also written two collections of short fiction; NO ONE WRITES TO THE COLONEL and LEAF STORM (both available in Bard editions)。
   García Márquez currently lives with his wife and children in Barcelona。

Other Avon Bard Books by
Gabriel Garcia Marquez


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THE AUTUMN OF THE PATRIARCH
IN EVIL HOUR

Avon Books are available at special quantity discounts for bulk purchases for sales promotions; premiums; fund raising or educational use。 Special books; or book excerpts; can also be created to fit specific needs。

For details write or telephone the office of the Director of Special Markets; Avon Books; Dept。 FP; 105 Madison Avenue; New York; New York 10016; 212…481…5653。

ONE HUNDRED YEARS
OF SOLITUDE

GABRIEL GARCIA MARQUEZ

TRANSLATED FROM THE SPANISH
BY GREGORY RABASSA


AVON BOOKS ?NEW YORK


This book was first published in Argentina in 1967 by Editorial Sudamericana; S。A。; Buenos Aires; under the title Cien A?os de Soledad。
Assistance for the translation of this volume was given by the Center for Inter…American Relations。

AVON BOOKS
A division of
The Hearst Corporation
105 Madison Avenue
New York; New York 10016

English translation ?1970 by Harper & Row; Publishers; Inc。
Published by arrangement with Harper & Row; Publishers; Inc。
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 7483632
ISBN: 0…380…01503…X

All rights reserved; which includes the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form whatsoever except as provided by the U。S。 Copyright Law。 For information address Harper & Row; Publishers; Inc。; 10 East 53rd Street; New York; New York 10022。

First Avon Bard Printing: May 1971

AVON BARD TRADEMARK REG。 U。S。 PAT OFF。 AND OTHER COUNTRIES; MARCA REGISTRADA; HECHO EN U。S。A。

Printed in the U。S。A。
K…R 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33


for jom?garcía ascot
and maría luisa elío



ONE HUNDRED YEARS
OF SOLITUDE






Chapter 1
MANY YEARS LATER as he faced the firing squad; Colonel Aureliano Buendía was to remember that distant afternoon when his father took him to discover ice。 At that time Macondo was a village of twenty adobe houses; built on the bank of a river of clear water that ran along a bed of polished stones; which were white and enormous; like prehistoric eggs。 The world was so recent that many things lacked names; and in order to indicate them it was necessary to point。 Every year during the month of March a family of ragged gypsies would set up their tents near the village; and with a great uproar of pipes and kettledrums they would display new inventions。 First they brought the magnet。 A heavy gypsy with an untamed beard and sparrow hands; who introduced himself as Melquíades; put on a bold public demonstration of what he himself called the eighth wonder of the learned alchemists of Macedonia。 He went from house to house dragging two metal ingots and everybody was amazed to see pots; pans; tongs; and braziers tumble down from their places and beams creak from the desperation of nails and screws trying to emerge; and even objects that had been lost for a long time appeared from where they had been searched for most and went dragging along in turbulent confusion behind Melquíades?magical irons。 “Things have a life of their own;?the gypsy proclaimed with a harsh accent。 “It’s simply a matter of waking up their souls。?Jos?Arcadio Buendía; whose unbridled imagination always went beyond the genius of nature and even beyond miracles and magic; thought that it would be possible to make use of that useless invention to extract gold from the bowels of the earth。 Melquíades; who was an honest man; warned him: “It won’t work for that。?But Jos?Arcadio Buendía at that time did not believe in the honesty of gypsies; so he traded his mule and a pair of goats for the two magnetized ingots。 ?rsula Iguarán; his wife; who relied on those animals to increase their poor domestic holdings; was unable to dissuade him。 “Very soon well have gold enough and more to pave the floors of the house;?her husband replied。 For several months he worked hard to demonstrate the truth of his idea。 He explored every inch of the region; even the riverbed; dragging the two iron ingots along and reciting Melquíades?incantation aloud。 The only thing he succeeded in doing was to unearth a suit of fifteenth…century armor which had all of its pieces soldered together with rust and inside of which there was the hollow resonance of an enormous stone…filled gourd。 When Jos?Arcadio Buendía and the four men of his expedition managed to take the armor apart; they found inside a calcified skeleton with a copper locket containing a woman’s hair around its neck。
   In March the gypsies returned。 This time they brought a telescope and a magnifying glass the size of a drum; which they exhibited as the latest discovery of the Jews of Amsterdam。 They placed a gypsy woman at one end of the village and set up the telescope at the entrance to the tent。 For the price of five reales; people could look into the telescope and see the gypsy woman an arm’s length away。 “Science has eliminated distance;?Melquíades proclaimed。 “In a short time; man will be able to see what is happening in any place in the world without leaving his own house。?A burning noonday sun brought out a startling demonstration with the gigantic magnifying glass: they put a pile of dry hay in the middle of the street and set it on fire by concentrating the sun’s rays。 Jos?Arcadio Buendía; who had still not been consoled for the failure of big magnets; conceived the idea of using that invention as a weapon of war。 Again Melquíades tried to dissuade him; but he finally accepted the two magnetized ingots and three colonial coins in exchange for the magnifying glass。 ?rsula wept in consternation。 That money was from a chest of gold coins that her father had put together ova an entire life of privation and that she had buried underneath her bed in hopes of a proper occasion to make use of it。 Jos?Arcadio Buendía made no at。 tempt to console her; pletely absorbed in his tactical experiments with the abnegation of a scientist and even at the risk of his own life。 In an attempt to show the effects of the glass on enemy troops; he exposed himself to the concentration of the sun’s rays and suffered burns which turned into sores that took a long time to heal。 Over the protests of his wife; who was alarmed at such a dangerous invention; at one point he was ready to set the house on fire。 He would spend hours on end in his room; calculating the strategic possibilities of his novel weapon until he succeeded in putting together a manual of startling instructional clarity and an irresistible power of conviction。 He sent it to the government; acpanied by numerous descriptions of his experiments and several pages of explanatory sketches; by a messenger who crossed the mountains; got lost in measureless swamps; forded stormy rivers; and was on the point of perishing under the lash of despair; plague; and wild beasts until he found a route that joined the one used by the mules that carried the mail。 In spite of the fact that a trip to the capital was little less than impossible at that time; Jos?Arcadio Buendía promised to undertake it as soon as the government ordered him to so that he cou

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